Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. When only two ropes are used with each float: They shall be arranged so as to provide four ends which are securely fastened to overhead supports. Ladder Jack Scaffold. 6, 1979, as amended at 55 FR 47687, Nov. 14, 1990; 61 FR 46025, Aug. 30, 1996; 85 FR 8736, February 18, 2020], Occupational Safety & Health Administration. In noisy jobsites, these are often used to provide instructions to crane and derrick operators: Since its implementation in 1971, OSHA has: Helped cut work-related fatalities nearly in half and cut excavation and trenching fatalities by more than a third. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. Where leveling of the scaffold is necessary, screw jacks or equivalent means shall be used. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for tube and coupler scaffolds under 125 feet in height. That requirement reflects the additional hazards and structural stress involved with such heights. Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. To prevent their displacement, platform units shall be nailed, bolted, or otherwise secured to outriggers. Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. Electric shock occurs when: A. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. Scaffolds must be constructed of suitable structural materials. Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. Click here to review the details. Scaffolds made of wood shall be reinforced with gussets on both sides of each corner. True or False: Once a fall protection device has been inspected by a competent person and deemed safe for use by an employee, it is up to the employee to inspect it regularly and ensure that it still meets OSHA requirements. B. 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Consider printing out and using a scaffolding safety procedures checklist. Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Scaffolds not specifically addressed by 1926.452, such as but not limited to systems scaffolds, must meet the requirements of 1926.451. D. Stop using the tool, A. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. Crossbracing shall be installed between the inner and outer sets of poles on double pole scaffolds. In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, OSHA requires that all excavations in which employees could potentially be exposed to cave-ins be protected by one or more of the following three methods: The formula for all simple slope excavations 20 feet (6.11 meters) or less deep states that for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back: Trench boxes or shields must be designed or approved by: Shoring or shielding is most often used when: The location or the depth of the excavation makes sloping back to the maximum allowable slope impractical. No handhold available. job, and he shouldhis life depends on it. A scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Outrigger beams fabricated in the shape of an I-beam or channel shall be placed so that the web section is vertical. Correct answer Special care and training incentives Ropes or hangers shall be used for supports, except that one end of a needle beam scaffold may be supported by a permanent structural member. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. No more than one platform shall be placed between consecutive vertical pickups, and no more than two platforms shall be used on a catenary scaffold. The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Do not force frames or . Each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be protected from damage due to contact with edges, corners, protrusions, or other discontinuities of the supporting structure or scaffold components. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. when do Falls from scaffolds most likely occur, Guards rails must have a minimum height of _______and they must be installed where, 38 inches and along the open sides and ends of a scaffold, Guardrails are not needed on the fromt ( building side) of the scaffold when, 1. the front end of all platforms is less than 14 inches from the face of the work List at least three of the four main hazards to which persons working on a Ensure that all scaffold parts are inspected before use to ensure they are in good repair and suitable for use. When two or more scaffolds are used they shall not be bridged one to another unless they are designed to be bridged, the bridge connections are articulated, and the hoists are properly sized. Two of the main differences between the hydraulic rough terrain crane and the crawler lattice boom friction crane are: True or False: Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards how to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them, and must also prepare a written certification that identifies the employee trained and the date of the training. All diagonal . Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. Answer: Those who ( sell or) rent it many times have calculator app or XLS file for it to do that math. Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. B. Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. The bottom runners and bearers shall be located as close to the base as possible. disadvantages. The SlideShare family just got bigger. improper grounding of circuitry and equipment. When horses are arranged in tiers, each tier shall be crossbraced. Each has potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the Scaffolding refers to the plant components and materials that, when assembled, form a scaffold. Scaffolds shall be constructed in accordance with paragraphs (a), (b), or (c) of this section, as appropriate. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. Most of these incident happen because of improper erection of the scaffold, inappropriate use by workers and the lack of inspection and maintenance of the scaffold after it has been erected. Learning Objectives Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. Splice plates of other materials of equivalent strength may be used. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. Using scaffolds properly can help prevent workplace accidents and injuries. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . All ladders used in conjunction with step, platform and trestle ladder scaffolds shall meet the pertinent requirements of subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders, except that job-made ladders shall not be used to support such scaffolds. The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: A. Tubular scaffolds 7. Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? Any part of a building or structure used to support the scaffold shall be capable of supporting the maximum intended load to be applied. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. 9. Posts must be accurately spaced, erected on suitable bases, and maintained plumb. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. Truck-mounted and rough terrain cranes are both forms of a mobile crane, and both use which of the following to increase their stability? Platforms shall be of the ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light-metal type. Scaffolds and components must be able to support at least four times the intended load. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. Found a mistake? This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. Not tied. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. ", "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds.". Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. The employer shall ensure that materials shall not be dropped to the outside of the supporting structure. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. Passage may be made from one platform to another only when the platforms are at the same height, are abutting, and walk-through stirrups specifically designed for this purpose are used. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. Wire ropes shall not be tightened to the extent that the application of a scaffold load will overstress them. Bearers shall be installed transversely between posts, and when coupled to the posts, shall have the inboard coupler bear directly on the runner coupler. A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. scaffold falls, 4,500 injuries and 50 deaths from scaffold-related accidents would be Faults: Damaged. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers Scaffolds shall not be constructed or arranged more than two tiers or 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, whichever is less. Stilts shall be properly maintained. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. 2. Resist penetration by objects and absorb the shock of a blow. Landings for the stair access are assembled within the 1.27m square bays at each end of the stair stringer bays using cuplock 1.27m . Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be designed by a registered professional engineer and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads shall: Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames; Not be bent or twisted from these positions; and. Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? Most fatalities, however, happen when workers fall from: Employers must ensure that all walking and working surfaces have the structural integrity to: Controlled access zones serve a dual purpose they allow specially trained individuals (such as masons) to operate without traditional fall protection within a certain area, and: A system used to arrest a worker in a fall from a working level that consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body belt or body harness, and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combinations of these is called a: When no other alternative fall protection has been implemented, the employer shall implement a safety monitoring system. If bearing on rungs only, the bearing area shall include a length of at least 10 inches (25.4 cm) on each rung. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). This scaffold is simply a rope attached to a harness with an assembly like a boatswains chair for the worker to sit in. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. All other connections of the scaffold are tight and secure; c. All components of the scaffold, including planks, are securely fastened. A scaffold is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. B. All joints must be CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components must support at least 4 times the maximum intended load. What the percentage of the construction industry that work on scaffold 2.3 million or 65 percent Most scaffolds at jobsites are made of what type of material Aluminum, Steel or less commonly wood If this is the approach at your job site, then: You must clean and disinfect the eyewear between each use. 1926.452 (c) (3) Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. Hardware should be included to fasten the planks into place. All vehicles used for the transportation of explosives shall have tight floors, and any exposed spark-producing metal on the inside of the body shall be: Covered with wood or other non-sparking material. Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade 15% c. 20% d. 25% Approximately 75 percent of struck-by fatalities involve: It is preferable not to drive a vehicle in reverse if you have an obstructed rear view, but if you do, make sure: Workers are most at risk from falling objects when standing or working: To prevent injury from flying debris, use safety glasses, goggles, face shields, etc., where machines or tools may cause flying particles; and always inspect tools, such as saws and lathes, to ensure that: The protective guards are in good condition and firmly attached. Single-Point adjustable suspension scaffolds. `` jacks or equivalent means shall be located as close to the applicable requirements 1926.451! Be CapacityScaffolds and scaffold components shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket CapacityScaffolds and components. 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