A brilliant academic Grierson won a fellowship to the University of Chicago and was one of the first intellectuals to take motion pictures seriously. More than any one other person, John Grierson was responsible for the documentary film as it has developed in the English-speaking countries. "Flaherty as Innovator," in His view of Hollywood movie-making was considerably less sanguine: Grierson's emerging and outspoken film philosophies caught the attention of New York film critics at the time. In this regard, Grierson's views align with the Soviet filmmaker Dziga Vertov's contempt for dramatic fiction as "bourgeois excess", though with considerably more subtlety. Humphrey Jennings. He staffed the Film Unit with young Enough to Eat? [2], Grierson opened the new primary school at Cambusbarron on 10 October 1967; his sister Dorothy attended the day with him. 6 | GRIERSON 2009 The documentary film I gave a push to forty years ago was a richer form of art than I ever dreamt of. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and TV March of Time Hollwood westerns - epic poems for a new nation 4. Collections, Data He may have been involved in arranging to bring Sergei Eisenstein's groundbreaking film The Battleship Potemkin (1925) to US audiences for the first time. (North York, Ontario), vol. Unlike the earlier British documentaries, these films were journalistic GPO to form Film Centre with Arthur Elton, Stuart Legg, and J.P.R. The next day he joined H.M.S Rightwhale, where he was promoted to leading telegraphist on 2 June 1918 and remained on the vessel until he was demobilised[2] with a British War Medal and the Victory Medal. Family: [3] When the family moved, John had three elder sisters, Agnes, Janet, and Margaret, and a younger brother, Anthony. Glasgow University, degree in philosophy, 1923. John Grierson: A Guide to References and Resources [2], On 26 February 1942, Grierson attended the Academy Awards and received the award on behalf of the National Film Board for Churchill's Island. On October 14, 1939, he accepted the posi-tion of first Film Commissioner of Canada, which he held until his resignation six years later. Deanston, Scotland, 18 April 1898. The film's style has been described as being a "response to avant-garde, Modernist films, adopting formal techniques such as montage - constructive editing emphasising the rhythmic juxtaposition of images - but also aimed to make a . Grierson's emphasis on realism had a profound long-term influence on Canadian film. are shown to people in the other parts, and if a government service is Died February 19, 1972 (73) Add to list Awards The orbit of John Griersons legacy touches almost everything we know about documentary. Died: In his first film, Drifters (1929), the silent depiction of the harsh life of herring fishermen in the North Sea Acland, C.R., "National Dreams, International Encounters: The f. Film Unit, lives. Between 1946 and 1948 he was director of mass communications for UNESCO and from 1948 to 1950 film controller for Britain's Central Office of Information. Cinema Journal Spring on the Farm Tomaselli, K., "Grierson in South Africa: Culture, State, and John grierson made large epic films . , a monthly series for the theaters along (London), January/February 1956. (Montreal), June/July 1979. . [2] John and Anthony were enrolled at Cambusbarron school in November 1903. The 25-minute short experiments with sound design, and dynamic editing to produce an energetic audio-visual style that matches the energy of the dedicated postal workers aboard the Nightmail train. documentary today. [5] Grierson was particularly interested in the popular appeal and influence of the "yellow" (tabloid) press, and the influence and role of these journals on the education of new American citizens from abroad. In 1934 he produced at the GPO Film Unit the award-winning The Song of Ceylon (dir. In his essay "First Principles of Documentary" (1932), Grierson argued that the principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. [2] Grierson was to learn at a later date that Hitler had indeed watched the film and ordered that the Canadian prisoners of war released from their manacles. During his Canadian years he moved beyond national concerns to global [2] The Benares was torpedoed four days after its sailing, and sank within thirty-one minutes in a Force 10 Gale. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions (Paris), no. Grierson was a firebrand whose single-minded devotion to the principle that "all things are beautiful, as long as you have them in the right order" had a profound influence on the history of film, and on the cultural life of Canada in particular. He returned to his native Scotland in the mid-1950s, where he hosted a public affairs program, This Wonderful World, for 10 years. (exec pr); Born into a large family that wasnt afraid to argue politics over dinner, John Grierson was a labor organizer in Glasgow during a time of massive poverty and social unrest. Grierson's report was highly critical and recommended founding a body to coordinate film production. He imported method. Auden, composer Benjamin Britten and sound designer Alberto Cavalcanti to bring a creative treatment to the actuality of mail delivery. Story of the Film Movement Founded by John Grierson [2] His brother Anthony, who had trained to be a doctor was called and diagnosed Grierson with emphysema, his coughing fits were a cause for concern, and he was admitted to Manor Hospital. Grierson made it his lifes ambition to put film to a social purpose. filmmakers who comprised the British documentary movement made over three ). For Grierson, Flahertys re-enacted films about disappearing ways of life were too idyllic and too far removed from the pressing realities of the modern world where Grierson preferred to train his documentary lens. This Wonderful World [2] After the Dieppe Raid, there were reports that Canadians that had been taken as prisoners of war had been manacled under Hitler's orders. (pr); , London, 1995. (Abindon, Oxon), March 1983. , London, 1990. Drifters [2] He returned to the UK in December 1971 and was meant to travel back to India; however, his trip was delayed by the Indo-Pakistani War. You could argue that the first films ever made were, in fact, documentaries. In 1934, Grierson sailed on the Isabella Greig out of Granton to film Granton Trawler on Viking Bank which is between Shetland and the Norwegian coast. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. John Grierson and the National Film Board: The In 1923 Grierson had received an M.A. to the villages. Housing Problems (London), November 1939. A new financing strategy - private sponsorship . During this time, Grierson was also involved in scrutinizing the film industries of other countries. not only to Canada, where he drafted legislation for the National Film [4] John was enrolled in the High School at Stirling in September 1908, and he played football and rugby for the school. (London), October 1954. [2] In 1963, he was busy with This Wonderful World and the Films of Scotland Committee but still found time to attend the twenty-fifth anniversary of the National Film Board in Montreal. Winston, Brian, States in 1937, and film people from America and other countries visited On page 14 of The Call of the Wild, what's meant by the phrase "The _____ is defined as to lose or give up hope that things will 15. Evans, Gary, Education: Phase two, which began in the mid-1930s, consisted of calling public Cinema Founded in 1950, the University of Texas Press publishes over 90 books per year and 11 journals in a wide range of fields. 1, no. Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand Governments, 193740; Film The choice of topic was chosen less from Grierson's curiosity than the fact that he discovered that the Financial Secretary had made the herring industry his hobbyhorse. EMB dissolved and its Film unit transferred to GPO, 1933; resigned from "I look on cinema as a pulpit, and use it as a propagandist. Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, John Taylor, and Grierson's sister Ruby Grierson, 1935). Nationality: and Its Legitimations Donald, J., "Machines of Democracy: Education and Entertainment in Sight and Sound Cinema Journal publishes essays on a wide variety of subjects from (using) diverse methodological perspectives. The World in Action (London), Spring 1972. 1970 Michigan Publishing Claiming the Real: The Griersonian Documentary Interweaving archival footage, interviews with people who knew him and footage of Grierson himself, this film is a sensitive and informative portrait of a dynamic man of vision. His ancestors were lighthouse keepers and his father was a school teacher. [2], In July 1915, Grierson left school with an overall subject mark of 82%; John had sat the bursary examination at Gilmorehill the month before, as his parents wanted him to follow his elder sisters, Janet and Agnes, in going to the University of Glasgow. (pr); Although Flaherty and Grierson remained life-long friends and sometime collaborators, the Scot didnt always think his American colleague was putting film to its best uses. Upstream Grierson respected Flaherty immensely for his contributions to documentary form and his attempts to use the camera to bring alive the lives of everyday people and everyday events. Travelled to United States to study press, cinema, and other mass media, public relations agency intended to promote the marketing of the products 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. = 15 * 3/20 Filmography as producer/creative contributor: The Grierson Documentary Film Awards were established in 1972 to commemorate John Grierson and He had little trouble persuading the Empire Marketing Board to adopt film as its primary public relations tool. The Film Board's "The Prospect for Cultural Cinema," in Just as Orson Welles pushed cinematic boundaries in the way Hollywood stories were told, so John Grierson brought ground-breaking innovations to non-fiction storytelling deployed and enjoyed by documentary filmmakers 90 years later: actuality footage to tell a dramatic story, the documentary interview, post-sync audio (looping) and multi-layered sound design were foundational production elements introduced on Griersons watch. , Berkeley, 1975. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. (Wright) (pr), BBC: Droitwich Served in Royal Navy, World War I. Money made on films was discussed. [2], Grierson returned to university in 1919; he joined the Fabian Society in 1919 and dissolved it in 1921. "I Derive My Authority from Moses," in (London), 23 August 1935. In the end, of 406 people on board, only 148 people survived, including only 19 of 100 children. f. In 1926, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in a review of Robert J. Flaherty's Moana. Grierson assisted in the formation of the National Film Board of Canada (1939), and during World War II he supervised information films for the Canadian government. (Montreal), September 1985. Housing Problems pushed the boundaries of actuality filmmaking by anticipating 1950s cinema verite on-screen interviews and voice overs and TV formats still with us today commentary, stock footage, miniatures and actuality footage. Grierson's boss at the EMB moved to the General Post Office (GPO) as its first public relations officer, with the stipulation that he could bring the EMB film unit with him. [2] At the Edinburgh Film Festival in the same year, a dinner was held in Grierson's honour to celebrate twenty-five years of documentary. purposes and developed an extraordinary loyalty to him and to his goals. (exec pr); 6 2/3 John Grierson CBE (26 April 1898 19 February 1972) was a pioneering Scottish documentary maker, often considered the father of British and Canadian documentary film. from Glasgow University with dis-tinctions in English and in moral philosophy. "Future for British Film," in John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. In Grierson's view, a way to counter these problems was to involve citizens in their government with the kind of engaging excitement generated by the popular press, which simplified and dramatized public affairs. Who was NOT represented in Tower through an in-depth . that some of Grierson's notions regarding the social and political uses of film were influenced by reading Lenin's writing about film as education and propaganda.). [2] On 23 June 1948, he accepted an honorary degree, an LL.D from the University of Glasgow. It tells the story of Britain's North Sea herring fishery. And we did."). Rotha, Paul, (Flaherty) (pr, co-ed), King Log (London), October 1980. on Scotland Committee, 1954; produced and presented Drifters There was talk that a quota system could . [2] Grierson was invited to open the Edinburgh International Film Festival in 1947, from 31 August to 7 September. Grierson prepared a report and on his recommendation King created the National Film Board (NFB) in 3. Drifters Four Barriers [2] The Private Life of Gannets went on to pick up an Academy Award in 1937.[2]. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed John Grierson (1898-1972) is probably Scotland's most important filmmaker. Sight and Sound while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. We Live in Two Worlds Heres a Cliffs Notes version of how Grierson, the godfather of documentary, earned that distinction. He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War the documentary units in Britain. [2] Grierson proposed that the Film Board show how the German prisoners of war were being treated in Canada through a film. John Grierson, the Scottish film pioneer who turned government film bureaucrat when he was asked to institute the National Film Board of Canada in 1939, is credited with coining the word "documentary." Grierson's definition of the form still holds up today. that documentary film is a mere public report of the activities of daily life but a visual art that can convey a sense of beauty about the ordinary world. (pr); [2] Grierson sailed at the end of May in 1938 for Canada and arrived on 17 June. , New York, 1978. (Evanston), Spring 1977. would help them to lead more useful, productive, satisfying, and rewarding User: Alcohol in excess of ___ proof Weegy: Buck is losing his civilized characteristics. A second innovation, complementing the first, was (pr); Basil Wright and Harry Watt, 1936) and Coal Face (dir. This is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters.[/caption]. Sight and Sound Cinema Quarterly (Watt) (pr); (Wright) (pr); Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. documentary Cinmaction Interesting technical sidebar: Night Mail was the first film to show actuality images with accompanying sounds. The film, which follows the heroic work of North Sea herring fishermen, was a radical departure from anything being made by the British film industry or Hollywood. John Grierson: Life, Contributions, Influence Canadian Sussex, in . (co-pr); Trade Tattoo , Carbondale, Illinois, 2000. By the way, the film was produced by Standard Oil of New Jersey. (co-pr); The founding principles of the movement were based on Grierson's views of documentary film. The direct interview remains a standard technique of television Eskimo Village [2] Grierson entered the University of Glasgow in 1916;[4] however, he was unhappy that his efforts to help in World War I were only through his work at the munitions. How to make a documentary: everything you need to know, Heres how to conduct research for a documentary. John GriersonFilm Master He was also the subject of a 1973 NFB documentary, Best Documentary on Science or the Natural World, The Frontier Post Award for Most Entertaining Documentary, Credits from: British Film Institute Catalog (Film Index International), This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 19:04. The investigators then threw doubt on Grierson himself for his alleged "communist" sympathies. He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War and completed a brilliant academic career after the war, graduating with distinction . possible solutions. = 2 1/4. Film "Prospect for Documentary," in documentary film Table of Contents "Grierson on Documentary: Last Interview," with Elizabeth [2] Only one copy of the film was made, it was sent to the Swiss Red Cross who deliberately let it fall into German hands. Nationalist Ideology in the South African Film Industry: As Grierson wrote in his diaries: "Beware the ends of the earth and the exotic: the drama is on your doorstep wherever the slums are, wherever there is malnutrition, wherever there is exploitation and cruelty." [2], In 1923, Grierson received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship to study in the United States at the University of Chicago, and later at Columbia and the University of WisconsinMadison. with in this new kind of documentary included unemployment ( Married Margaret Taylor, 1930. John Grierson: A Documentary Biography Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Request Permissions. and impetus. (pr); [2] Grierson wanted to join the navy; his family on his father's side had long been lighthouse keepers, and John had many memories of visiting lighthouses and being beside the sea. He read and agreed with the journalist and political philosopher Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion which blamed the erosion of democracy in part on the fact that the political and social complexities of contemporary society made it difficult if not impossible for the public to comprehend and respond to issues vital to the maintenance of democratic society. [2], Grierson concentrated on documentary film production in New York after resigning his post following in August 1945; his resignation was to take effect in November 1945. See also related digitized artefacts and memorabilia. (pr), Aero-Engine Ordinary life could now be heard as well as seen. 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, User: She worked really hard on the project. Researchers' Guide to John Grierson: Films, Reference Sources, , January 1946. documentary to Free Cinema," in South Africa, all of which established national film boards. With the outbreak of war, Grierson would use film to instill confidence and pride in Canadians. [2] In his wishes for his funeral he had detailed his desire to be cremated. [2], This Wonderful World began to be aired in England in February 1959, it ran for a further eight years and was in the Top Ten programmes for the week for the UK in 1960. From Historica Canada. of film back to Britain with him in 1927. The movement began at the Film Unit of the Empire Marketing Board in 1930. (New York), Winter 1982. [2] Grierson received the Buchan Prize in the Ordinary Class of English Language in the academic year of 191920, he also received the prize and first-class certificate in the academic year of 192021 in the Ordinary Class of Moral Philosophy and graduated with a Master of Arts in English and moral philosophy in 1923. (London), Summer 1977. Ellis, Jack C., "Grierson at University," in Nelson, Joyce, Ellis, Jack C., "Changing of the Guard: From the Grierson John Grierson was especially interested in the power of film to reveal the issues plaguing society and to provoke social change. (co-pr); Drifters, Industrial Britain, Granton Trawler, Song of Ceylon, Coal Face Rotha on Film [2] In 1966, he was offered the role of Governor of the British Film Institute; however, he turned down the position. [2] Grierson returned to Britain but was invited back to Canada on 14 October 1938; he returned in November.[2]. Expert answered|Jerrald@22|Points 14385| Log in for more information. , edited by Forsyth Hardy, revised edition, London, 1966. concerns were especially responsive to his persuasion. "[14], For other people named John Grierson, see, John Grierson (right) with Bolivian filmmaker Jorge Ruiz in 1955, National Film Board of Canada and Wartime Information Board, Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 19:04, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians, Learn how and when to remove this template message, UP-STREAM: A Story of the Scottish Salmon Fisheries, Pett and Pott: A Fairy Story of the Suburbs, Connected worlds: history in transnational perspective, Volume 2004, "The Young Grierson in America, 1924-1927", 1975 Review of Moana, by Jonathan Rosenbaum, "Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh: Honorary Graduates", The John Grierson Archive at The University of Stirling, John Grierson in South Africa: Afrikaaner nationalism and the National Film Board, Online essay about Grierson and Flaherty from the University of Glasgow, National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Grierson&oldid=1139168428. 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